>>14188153OP here. Had to put this separately due to length but in my case I believe I am a mix of the applied scientst and the business scientist.
After graduating with a degree in pure mathematics I went into software engineering however I am now working in corporate finance in a company that invests a lot into research in chemistry and (more recently) data science. So now I don't directly do any research myself. Instead I am involved in strategic and financial decisions regarding our teams of chemists, software engineers, data scientists, etc. But of course, I am not an owner of the business so it's not like you'll ever see my name attached to anything big.
I've found this path is good if you want to have the impact of a 'business scientist' but without the risk of starting your own business. However hopefully in the future I can do corporate strategy for a tech/science-based start-up.
Another interesting possibility is a government/military researcher which I believe would be a mix between a 'pure scientist' and 'applied scientist' as these people typically will have PhDs but are usually affiliated to a university.
Hope to hear everyone else's thoughts.