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>a "sound" can be thought of as the physical sum of an infinite number of tones
>each tone has a specific frequency (i.e., 440 Hertz or cycles/second)
>a "note" is the harmonic sum of tones with respect to a base frequency
>for example, the note known as "A4" on a piano is composed of a fundemental 440 Hz tone, plus 2*440+3*440+4*440... in decreasing proportion
>the fourier transform of A4 looks somwthing lkme like where ?(f) is the dirac delta function and and a(n) is a monotonically decreasing sequence
>the exact form of a(n) is a function of the instrument producing the note, and helps determine something called "timbre"
>timbre, qualitatively speaking, describes if the note sounds smooth, harsh, pleasant, etc
>two random notes, a and b, are called an octave if the base frequency of one is twice that of the other, or a=2b
>a perfect fifth is a=3b, a major third is a=6b, etc
>nice "harmonic" or integer ratios produce nice sounding chords, or compositions of notes
>weirder ratios give more discordant intervals or chords, 4/3=1.333... is called a perfect fourth, for example
i didnt even get started on rhythms. hope this made some sense though. a chord is a composition of notes, notes are compositions of individual tones. timbre depends on time-domain wave form and the composition of tones within notes. harmony depends on "harmonic" ratios of base frequencies within chords. Im a trans drummer btw if this matters.