>>12163828Again, a priori. You're operating on a number of embedded assumptions.
-Modulation is relevant, you're assuming the system responds as though it's a DC source. (eg The "ratcheting" effect when each pulse comes in is net greater than the relaxation rate.) "Pulsed" signals being more active than CW is an observation going back to the early 60's..
-Ion flux also refers to redistribution of extracellular domains and bound ions, which causes transient oscillations in transmembrane voltage (see eg Ca2+ efflux).
-There is the possibility of intrinsic additive effects (mutual amplification), or some other form of capacitance.
-There are multiple types of channels.
-Calcium induced calcium release is possible.
-Calcium influx has been observed through TRPV1 and NMDA receptors, however in some conditions efflux has been provoked as well.
"In cellular aggregates that form tissues of higher animals, cells are separated by narrow fluid channels that take on special importance in signaling from cell to cell. These channels act as windows on the electrochemical world surrounding each cell. Hormones, antibodies, neurotransmitters and chemical cancer promoters, for example, move along them to reach binding sites on cell membrane receptors. These narrow fluid "gutters," typically not more than 150 A wide, are also preferred pathways for intrinsic and environmental electromagnetic (EM) fields, since they offer a much lower electrical impedance than cell membranes. Although this intercellular space (ICS) forms only about 10 percent of the conducting cross section of typical tissue, it carries at least 90 percent of any imposed or intrinsic current, directing it along cell membrane surfaces.
Numerous stranded protein molecules protrude from within the cell into this narrow ICS. Their glycoprotein tips form the glycocalyx, which senses chemical and electrical signals in surrounding fluid.
