>>5929926Usually chalk; common practice on toned paper, sometimes barely noticeable (this is rather obvious here, at least for a trained pair of eyes). Some people do use white pastels, and indeed some people do use paint sometimes, like a touch of gouache to get the specular highlight on wet surface of the eye(s), which could be annoying to get with chalk/pastels.
>>5930061>what books teach this?Not OP, but Bargue's plates were typically designed to help teach students "bon-goût". Such drawings
>>5929836 aren't that bad regarding this aspect; their main problem is that they are bland: this is the result of an exercice, a well-done exercice, but that's not really "art".