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You start with some affirmations already considered to be true, and use them to show another one is also true.
For example.
Prove that 6 is even.
Definition of even: X is even if there is a natural number n such that X = 2n
Proof:
2(3) = 6
QED.
This example may seem way too simple, but it kind of stays like that, it's just that you keep using more and more definitions with many properties, and the complexity increases, but the path is still this "We have P things to prove Q"