Could someone do a quick, logical rundown of how one should treat calculus in a physics setting? Not sure why, but I have a problem with rationalizing the meaning of derivatives in physics. I would appreciate just a few examples on how to approach derivatives and integrals. I know the mathematics behind them, but I lack the physical intuition. One example I can provide is, dv/dr=const, where r is the radius, and v is the speed of a liquid, so basically what this describes is how the speed of the liquid changes going across the radius of a pipe. Like, shit makes sense when I think hard about it, but I don't see the reasoning behind as to why we would need this, or how we could use this information. I gave a stupid example, but many times when I see a derivative, I just don't see the meaning, or use behind it. Sometimes it's blatantly obvious like dx/dt, and sometimes it's not. I know it's representing instantaneous change in the dependent variable, for a change in the independent, but I think I have the wrong idea about it. I think about derivatives in a way, "like yeah what if I were to want to know how the speed changes from one point at the radius to the next one", without seeing the bigger picture. Why the fuck would I want to know how it changes between two adjacent points? I lack intuition, that's why I don't see the use.
