>>13273509Literally everything. Volcanoes: where does the magma come from, its composition and why does it change, how to predict, how may types are there, the massive basalt flows the form the traps in Siberia and India, some volcanoes are so large the remnants have only recently been discovered and if something like that blew today its a human ending event. it will happen again.
geophysics: interaction between the sun, earth, moon, and solar storms (not climate change), but electric currents induced into the earth by solar storms (not the crazy science stuff).
Seismology: When I graduated in 1990 I knew a fair bit about seismology, well, much of that was outdated pretty quick. "experts" used to claim many big distant earthquakes were unrelated, but guess what, draw a line from the hypocenter all the way down and you will all lines intersect at the center of the earth. A big earthquake in one area can trigger a big or bigger earthquake in another distant location - used to denied but now accepted. Earthquakes can be much larger and more frequent that thought before. The 2011 Honshu earthquake slightly changed the rotation of the earth, the subducted plate pushed far into the crust that there were several large aftershocks were the plate backed up (reversed direction). If I remember correctly the 2004 Bande Ache earthquake rupted along several large fault segments stepping across from one segment to another, once thought not possible. It turns out we don't know shit about things really work. The time frame is really long and we can't see with detail into the earth without new technology. Why not develop a way to "see through" the earth by positioning detectors opposite the sun (on the ground, in the air, or space) to detect the nutrinos and other near massless subatomic particles emitted from the sun to "x-ray" the core/mantle?
Geochemistry: There is a tremendous amount of water buried deep withing the earth, more than all surface w...."comment too long warning"
