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For example an empirical claim like "everything becomes wet if you drop it in water" can not be proven true unless you literally drop everything in the universe in water.
But you can prove it is false if you find one thing that is not wet after you throw it in water. If you keep trying to throw different things in water and it keeps turning out wet then that is a consistent result that makes the claim that everything becomes wet in water stronger and stronger.
Of course there are hydrophobic materials that do not become wet when you put it in water. It is just an example. Any scientific claim could theoretically be proven to be wrong if a prediction it makes turns out to be wrong. Then it needs to be ammended. Or thrown away and then another educated guess that has not been proven wrong yet takes its place and that is how science progress.
