>>13126436Heuristics.
Actually though, you should read a book on local optimization (Nocedal & Wright is pretty good and available on libgen). Then you should learn some statistics before getting into global optimization, since most of the good stuff (genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, PSO) is based on stats and probability, sine convergence can't be guaranteed in finite time.
Good luck Anon! I might hang around a little more if you have any more questions. I'm not even close to a god yet, but I think I know more than most.