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code is for humans, it becomes just a sequence of numbers in the end. The machine looks at the numbers and does some arithmetic with it. At the end you also get a number. The number represents the output of the code.
basically:
humans view instructions with logic and algorithms
computers view instructions as numbers
and the physics behind how it does the arithmetic is complicated, some stuff is close to magic like quantum tuneling (used in EEPROM), but if you are at that level you don't even see the numbers anymore you deal with electromagnetic fields and particles.
