Hey /sci/, undergradfag here. In simple terms, can you all explain to me how an electromagnetic wave is generated and how it propagates. I understand that current flows through a closed circuit as the result of an electric field. These moving charges crate a magnetic field around them ( a stationary magnetic field for DC). But how is an EM wave physically generated? For a dipole antenna, the AC source changes the electric and magnetic polarities for every half cycle. But does the actual EM wave from the antenna actually propagate as a result of the antenna not being a closed circuit? Like, for instance, does a closed AC circuit also generate EM waves as well?? Also, why do EM waves propagate as the cross product between the electric and magnetic field vectors?? And lastly, are the discrepancies between electric and magnetic fields relative?? For instance, If I was a charge in a wire moving along with the other charges, I would experience an electric field, but If I was stationary standing outside of the wire I would experience a magnetic field? Is this a safe assumption. I feel like a retard because despite graduating with good grades, I cannot intuitively grasp this, so I have resorted to browsing /b/ and /pol/