>>12898474But as long as the plane has no sustentation, the weight of the plane falls on the ground and if that ground is moving, the plane will move backwards.
That said, if the conveyor belt moves at a fixed speed and is long enough and the engines have enough power, the plane will eventually lift (analogous to the plane having more mass than normally).
If the belt accelerates to keep up with the rotation of the wheels, however, the plane would never lift, as that acceleration of the belt would be analogous to pushing the plane opposite of its direction.