Latent heat

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So, in basic chemistry you learn that latent heat is the heat to undergo a phase change. So theoretically, if I had a cooler filled with ice, all the melted water in that cooler would not rise above 32 degrees untill AFTER the last ice cube has melted, meaning the system has used up all the latent heat needed for a phase change. Does this hold true for large volumes of water, say a very large cooler? Or how about the Earth? Why is the water at the equator not the same temperature as the ice at the poles with this logic???