Computer vision is broad - I can recommend some books since I work in the field, but maybe you have something more specific in mind.
One popular mathematically minded text is "Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision" by Hartley and Zisserman.
There's also standard CS degree texts on image processing (another understanding of what you can learn about images)
Deep Learning by Ian Goodfellow at all is a popular tome in ML, also used for CV purposes.
There's a short book by Nelson (physicist) which implements some basic python and I at one point toyed around implementing a python network that recognizes the NIST database digit images
see
https://youtu.be/QrJ9LyA-Z-Uhttps://youtu.be/z2aq21lMw40 
