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Vaccines are made to target conserved regions in genomic sequence. That means the regions in genome sequence which remain the same even in the mutated strains.
How they find these regions is by comparing mutated strains that we know of and also finding which regions virus must conserve to remain functional. For e.g. spike in coronaboi
They specifically target regions that are essential for virus function to enter the cell. So if virus mutates in those essential function conserved regions then virus cock block itself from entering the cell and that strain dies off.
If for some reason these conserved regions in the genome sequence mutates and virus still maintains its function or even made it more potent then yeah we'll be fucked again for year or so until vaccine develops to combat this new deadly strain
