>>12337877it's a gray area. the definitions vary by field and there is overlap.
xrays roughly correspond to energy levels of tightly bound electrons in heavy atoms. when such an electron is knocked out of it's orbital, an in-falling electron will emit an xray. of course, xrays can (and often are) made by bremsstrahlung radiation of relatavistic electrons slamming into metal and decelerating.
gamma rays overlap with xrays, but the word usually implies an origin in the nuclei of atoms due to transitions of states in nucleons akin to transitions of tightly bound electrons, just higher energy. the range of gamma ray energy spans from into the range of xrays and far beyond. of course, other processes of cosmic can generate gamma rays as with bremsstrahlung radiation.
xrays and gamma rays are extremely high power, and tend to go through matter. both are ionizing (can strip an atom of an electron). uv is ionizing as well, but doesn't penetrate matter well because they are at energies better matching electron transitions in atoms and are quickly attentuated.
visible light is, well, visible, but it is also not ionizing.
ir is not visible and lower energy than visible light. it also corresponds to energy levels in vibrational modes of atoms, and since the microscopic movement of atoms is related to temperature, ir is usually related to thermal processes.
radio waves covers everything else. there is a lot of variety in the properties of radio waves, but they are so low energy only bulk movement of charge can excite and respond to them.
