>>12334214Calculus is essential to any dynamical system, quantum or not. Even on a finite dimensional Hilbert space, you still need calculus to understand time derivatives for the Schrodinger equation.
Granted, the calculus one typically learns before doing QM (i.e. on a standard university course track) is laughably insufficient for even that much. For some reason, the Schrodinger equation is peddled as some amazing insight, when it's just a glorified retelling of Stone's theorem. But I doubt any physics undergrad understands what it means for a group to be strongly continuous. Hell, most students I worked with just can't figure out why e^{-iHt} is the canonical solution for every time-independent Hamiltonian. The math background given to physics students is laughably poor.
>>12332664Contextuality and magic are the two deepest, most fundamental aspects of quantum theory. Otherwise, QM would be glorified high-dimensional linear algebra (or at best, functional analysis).