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really, targeting the spike protein would be the worst choice because its under a high degree of selection pressure. ideally you want to target something fairly essential but not a virulence factor, like a random TM protein or something.
technically, anything can be an antigen, even lipids, dsRNA, etc. but only a protein will be utilized in T-dependent humoral response. so that limits things somewhat.
even if the s-prot was the target, it could target any fragment of it. many ways to skin a cat.
