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Once I made the example of a random natural number generator that can generate all numbers between 1 and an upper bound N.
You get one roll and 100 billion comes up. Then you could estimate N with with a confidence interval C.I. with the formula
(100bn/N)<(1 - C. I.)
There's 50% of chance than N<200bn, 75% that N<400bn etc.
This assuming the upper limit of the teorethical number of humans that can be born tends to infinity, but whatever.
In the same way, you could make other estimates such as: knowing that we have been space faring for 60 years, try to estimate for how longer we will be etc.
