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You'd have to somehow have a science of emergent properties, properties that fail to reduce to some more basic substance.
But how could you ever tell if the emergent property failed to reduce because of dualism or if it failed to reduce simply because your scientific theories were incomplete in a way that prevented reduction?
And if dualism were true, it's strange to think that a cognitive scientist in one universe could perform a sensory experiment, and his atomically identical counterpart could do that same experiment in the physically identical universe, yet somehow the subject would experience different sensations. How could you possibly scientifically examine differences in mental properties that are over and above physical substances?
