What is it called when clouds block the Sun just enough to let you see its disk/surface without burning you're eyes out.

Its not the best pic because I was driving but pic related was from my morning commute and I could clearly see the Sun's disk without protection. If I squinted I'm pretty sure I could even make out some large sunspots. I had no idea this could happen naturally, I've only ever seen the sun in a solar telescope or modified images from space, never with my own two eyes and I'm fascinated by this phenomenon. I want to know exactly how this occurs, how rare/common is, etc.