>>12095626I was going to take the piss but admittedly that's not helpful and this is basic stuff anon so you definitely need help.
No one has explicitly mentioned this so I'll say it. You learn them by using them a lot.
I learned by drawing the groups so many times I had to remember them.
But to make it easier for you:
1. find a list of semi complex molecules
2. draw boxes around the groups using that sheet as a guide
3. eventually you will stop needing the sheet.
4. KEEP GOING, don't trick yourself into thinking you remember just because you don't need the sheet right now, you will forget within a fucking hour
5. you need to be able to picture the group in your head as soon as you hear the word before you can stop
Once you've done this, practice mechanisms and you'll actually just never forget these simple groups.
pic related a very basic example of labelling, be careful of rings involving multiple elements (heterocycles) as they have their own groups etc.
