Despite their small brain size, insects definitely express intelligence. Spiders are able to create nets to catch flying prey like fishermen catch fish, and the geometry of the spider’s net is wonderful.

Other examples of unmistakable intelligence from insects are ants building housing and communities then communicating to feed the entire community. Or bees that build in perfect hexagonal structures as there was some math proof in like 2002 confirming bees use hexagons to maximize hive volume.

Evolution is a great framework, however the lack of data on intelligence emerging will probably be a new field of study. I’m posting here as I do not not of any resources to further investigate the phenomena of intelligence emerging from nature. Does anyone know of any written papers or literature that further investigates intelligence emerging from nature? Thank you in advance.