The Moore method is a deductive manner of instruction used in advanced mathematics courses. Instead of using a textbook, the students are given a list of definitions and theorems which they are to prove and present in class, leading them through the subject material. Its advocates claim that it induces a depth of understanding that listening to lectures cannot give. It is named after Robert Lee Moore, a famous topologist who first used a stronger version of the method at the University of Pennsylvania when he began teaching there in 1911.