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there is a British research institute in Antarctica that does a variety of research - from ecology, geology, and environmental science to astrophysics and ai. I've been interested in this too and it seems like you would apply to a partner university to do research in the Antarctica institute whilst working towards a degree at the university. This means you would probably have a supervisor from both the department in Antarctica and in the university.
if you want to do research and you already have experience/PhD then you can probably apply to openings advertised on their website.
the major downside is the detachment from the real world if you were to do a PhD there. you would miss out on the social opportunities that are available at the university, but that doesn't stop you getting to know the people in the Antarctica department.