>>11182073Assuming you are talking about the Mesoamericans here (OP's pic are Hawaiians, though), "advanced agricultural techniques" is really underselling it.
Maize/corn is the single most impressive feat of selective breeding in human history, you see relatively complex terracing and earthenwork agricultural/water mangement systems pretty early into the development of mesoamerican civilization, and those rapidly increased in complexity to be massive, very complex interconnected networks of canals, aquaducts, resvoirs, and drainage systems intersperesed throughout suburbs and agriculktural lands and centered around the urban cores of cities, sometimes with pressurized fountains, toilets, plazas that could be flooded and drained for ceremonies, etc.
The Aztec took this to the next level: Tenochtitlan, the aztec captial, was litterally built out of a grid of artificial islands with venice like canals running through them, Gardens were common throughout both communal spaces, as well as inside noble homes or palaces, often in open air courtyards, off to the sides, or on flat roofs of the palaces/complexes. Beyond these recreational bonotanical gardens, you also had academic and medicinal ones, where herbs and plants with medical properties were bred and raised, and/or plants were studied for said properties, experimentally crossbred, and categorized in what was basically formal linnaean taxonomy, see pic; though obviously beating Linnaeus himself to the punch by a few centuries
This tied into their medical practices: While the causes of ailments and the mechanics by which treatments were thought to work was supernatural or pseudoscientific, using princpals sort of similar to the greek humoral one, the actual treatements themselves were empircally derived. Cortes and other Conquistadors reported Aztec doctors being superior, and modern studies have backed up that over 85% of recorded aztec herbal treatments/properties were medically effective
