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A weak acid is one that is partially dissociated. A strong acid is one that is (almost) completely dissociated.
The same can be said for weak/strong bases.
Acids dissociate to produce H3O+ (H+; protons). Based dissociate to produce OH- (Hydroxide) ions.
A strong acid will dissociate to a greater extent, thus will produce greater amounts of H3O+
Given: pH = -log[H3O+]
The stronger acid will generally have a lower pH.
For bases, pOH = -log[OH-]
Also, at 25 degrees Celsius pH + pOH = 14.
Remember, weak and strong are terms that are used irrespective of molarity of (the) solution - instead, dilute and concentrated refers to whether the solution has a greater or smaller amount of moles.
To find the concentration you just rearrange the logarithmic equation:
* [H3O+] = 10^-pH
* [OH-] = 10^-pOH
I hope that helps.
