Mathematics comes from the Greek word ?????? meaning knowledge, or that which is learned. This seems arrogant, suggesting that maths is the only subject worth learning. It could also be intimidating because it suggests that math is an all-encompassing subject, so people will think it is hard, or that if they are bad at math then they are not very smart. They might also think that they have to know Ancient Greek to study math.
Renaming math could make the name more accurate or less intimidating, thereby encouraging students to study math. It would also be helpful if the math studied by mathematicians had a different name from computational-style K-12 math so as not to have the negative association.
I suggest one of the following names:
numerical philosophy
a priori philosophy
numbercraft
numberwang
reasoncraft
logic
Some people might be incredulous that changing the name would change people's opinions on math, but renaming recursion theory to computability theory helped recursion theories get more grant money, similarly "machine learning" and "data science" makes more money than "statistics", "(applied) linear algebra", "optimization" etc. and renaming "Christmas trees" to "holiday trees" let Americans attract the best immigrants from non-Christian countries.