Simulation hypothesis, Boltzmann Brains, Doomsday Argument

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What is the epistemological status of these kind of arguments from probability? How do you argue against them? Simulation hypothesis seems somewhat easy to ignore since it unjustifiably assumes the behaviour of some future human, but Boltzmann brains emerge from our understanding of physics, and the doomsday argument only needs the Copernican principle and so seemingly a solution to it hasn’t been found