R=U/I
Resistance=Volt/Current
Why does this happen? Because the electrons that are charged and moving through the conductor don't just move in a straight line. In reality they bump against all kinds of atoms giving energy to the atoms that start to shake. We call moving vibrating atoms "heat".
How do we fix it? Turns out superconductors don't generate any resistance and thus you have things like this
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_wire>"Superconducting wires are wires made of superconductors. When cooled below their transition temperatures, they have zero electrical resistance."As you can see the downside is that they need to be cooled excessively to stay superconductive. This is why there are tens of billions of dollars poured into R&D every year to try and find room temperature superconductors. Because if we do all resistance will be removed from electronics and all cables.
It would eliminate waste heat and allow for all kind of things. First off we would use 30% less energy as there won't be any power loss over transmission lines anymore.
CPUs would be about 1 trillion times faster than they are now since we can effectively clock them at exahertz clockspeeds without heating up the circuitry.
We will also have "perfect magnets" allowing things to levitate with very little energy usage. Meaning cars will levitate instead of using wheels since there won't be any loss through friction in levitating cars. This won't be sci-fi flying cars but cars about the same height from the ground as now but just levitating instead of having wheels. It would allow cars to drive with 1/3rd of the energy they use now.
