>>14234372Soyuz was upgraded gradually until the 2 family. 2.1A has the generic Soyuz upper stage while 2.1b has a closed cycle upper stage engine for higher orbits (but doesn’t carry crew. 2.1v uses the closed cycle upper stage but also gets rid of the Soyuz lower stage and replaces it with a new one entirely that has an NK-33 engine.
Proton is proton. Proton-K, which launched Mir and the ISS, retired in favor of the Proton-M, which is still flying, but will be retired soon.
Angara is a new rocket family that uses the RD-191 on its first stage core. The Rd-191 is a single core derivative of the RD-170/171 which flew on Energia as boosters, and Zenit as a core stage. Angara uses clusters of these cores to increase its payload. The upper stage of Angara uses the same closed cycle engine as Soyuz 2.1b and 2.1v. Angara is meant to replace proton.
And that’s it really. Soyuz-5 is a single-core vehicle that uses a modernized RD-171. It has about the same payload to LEO as a Soyuz-2 rocket, despite not having any boosters.
Soyuz-5 can be clustered to make Yenisei and Don. These two rockets are like a revived zombie of Energia. Enough said.
Amur - AKA Soyuz-7 - is a partially reusable methane powered rocket under development by Russia. That’s really it.
