since question: from an outside observer, the rate at which time passes depends slows down if close to an object with mass and gravity. the more mass the slower time passes from an outside observer, so because of this the reverse must be true as well. from an outside observer, the rate at which time passes speeds up if it is far away from an object with mass and gravidy.
in addition, the speed of light is constant but the rate of time passes is not,
Therefore, from an outside observer, would it appear that objects with no mass traving at the speed of light change depending on how close it is to a object with mass?

continuing: because of universal expansion objects are constantly moving away from each other


and we observers that the rate of universal expansion is accelerating
therefore if the above statement is true, is dark energy just the effect of time dilation making it appear that the objects are accelerating away from each other when it is just the rate of time passing that is exhilarating

and that dark energy = time dilation?