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In the burger flipping example, the $7.25/h American worker is going to do as well as the $2/h let's say Romanian worker. The difference is that there are more rich people in America than Europe. They have so much money that they will buy fast-food burgers whether they cost $5 like in America or $1 like in Romania. This is called "price insensitivity." Americans have more money than they need, Romanians don't. American lawmakers can increase the legal minimum wage without bankrupting McDonalds, so they do because it's politically popular.
Why do Americans have more money than they need? They are more educated, more productive, and have access to the largest capital markets in the world. All of this means that Americans can do things that make more money than Romanians: Computer programming, medical surgery, robotics, investment finance. That extra money does "trickle down" to higher wages for burger flippers, at least in a political way if not economic.
In the end it comes down to the fact that the goods and services produced by workers making $7.25/h still feels "cheap" to Americans. We will pay $5 for a Big Mac, $40 for an Uber ride, tip a waiter $10, and buy $100 shoes at a Foot Locker paying minimum wage all in the same day because we will still have more than enough money at the end of the day. Politicians know this so they pass laws that increase the minimum wage, meaning equivalent American and Romanian workers will get paid hugely different amounts for the same amount of work done.
