>>13619428The first thing I would show him is some combinatorics, since it would take awhile to get him up to speed on a lot of modern math, science, and philosophy, but he'd definitely be able to understand something like the "theorem on friends and strangers" right away.
After we do some basic graph theory, then I would focus on teaching him modern, formal, axiomatic mathematics, and I would probably be most interested in discussing philosophy of science, since he comes from a completely different philosophical background, before the Enlightenment had occurred and the concept of "mechanistic" science came into being. He was still working very much within Scholastic-Medieval epistemology and cosmology. I think there are probably a lot of cognitive biases we have today that he would not, but conversely, there are also a lot of biases he would have, that we would not.
What would be a lot more interest, however, is if we could get our hand on someone like Plato or Pythagoras or Archimedes or Aristotle.