>>13487007from the scientific point of view, they are localized clusters of overlapping traits. but what these traits are is totally arbitrary. it can be skin colour, it can be genes regulating the % of enzymes released when you eat fish.
Now, what the data shows is that the closer you live to someone who has a similar lineage rooted in the area, the closer you are related to someone. This is already apparent in everything >3 generations.
The percentage we're talking about is small as fuck tough
the % of genes that make up the difference between individuals is smaller than 0.01%
The % genetic differences between "races" that we consider other closely related species like rats to be is way way higher. So from a scientific perspective, using "race" is very very tricky, because it doesn't really say much about your subject. nothing specific that is.
these differences in rats came about due to long periods of separation (way way longer than the longest human isolation) and what basically amounts to inbreeding, rats diversify like this stronger and quicker because they have alot of genetical machinery that protects lineage from the destructive tendencies inbreeding has to the genetic makeup of rattus genepools. Machinery we don't possess within our DNA.
For evolution to happen and for 'races' or subdevisions of a species like us to start developing we need 2 things.
Isolation and Evolutionary Pressure
Humans have never really isolated themselves for long enough for genetic traits to become distinct enough. we build cities and roaming caravans, we conquer rape and pillage our way through history. and in the more modern era, we move all across the globe. This combined with the complete disappearance of all evolutionary pressure has virtually eliminated human evolution since the start of argriculture about 10.000 years ago.
