>>13413329the most basic operations almost any ALU has are
arithmetic: integer addition/subtraction (uses same circuit)
logical: AND, OR, XOR, shift left/right (sometimes you get rolls instructions too)
fancier ALUs will have
arithmetic: integer multiplication and division
full featured CPUs will also have a floating point unit to deal with floats. these provide add/sub, multiplication, division, and perhaps a handful of other functions like sin(), cos(), tan(), pow(), exp(). these latter functions are often implemented by hardware accelerated series expansion or lookup tables with interpolation
of course, even the most basic CPU can be used to synthesize any computable function.
