High altitude nukes

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Could the detonation of a single 2nd or 3rd gen nuclear weapon in high altitude/border of space like the starfish prime and fish bowl tests result in nations being technologically crippled? How many of these blasts would be necessary to cripple the entire globe, most of our communications and chips and such or is that too hard to estimate? Could a single rogue nation with a MIRV set us back decades by doing this?